Beginner level

Knowing how to cut hedges can be tricky but keeping them trim will help you create a soft garden boundary. Did you know that garden hedges also offer a sanctuary for wildlife, slow down rainfall, buffer wind and lastly can help soak up pollution? They really are incredible. Given all the benefits they bring it's important to know how to cut hedges and look after them. This beginner's' guide on how to cut a hedge correctly will ensure a beautiful garden hedge all year round.

Quick Answer

Cut hedges with sharp, clean tools working from the bottom upwards in a sweeping motion, keeping the sides slightly narrower at the top so light reaches the base. Most hedges need trimming twice a year, in spring and late summer, and UK law protects nesting birds, so always check the hedge for nests before cutting between March and August.

Whether you have just planted a hedge or inherited one in your garden, this guide will show you how to efficiently cut a hedge. It may sound surprising, but there are a few key things you need to know about cutting hedges. It is not simply a case of grabbing some hedge clippers and hacking away, or putting off the trim and hoping the hedge still looks neat regardless.

Ignore those fears that cutting a hedge is a full weekend of drama. It really doesn’t have to be with the correct technique and tools. Hedges provide our gardens with a soft natural boundary that helps provide privacy and greenery to the garden, so they are worth looking after. I’ve lost count of the number of client gardens where a badly shaped or hard-pruned hedge was the single biggest thing holding the whole design back, so this is one of my favourite jobs to teach people properly.

This guide will provide you with all the tips, tricks and hacks to keep your garden hedges looking fantastic all year. Let me show you how to cut hedges the proper way.

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Tools for cutting a hedge

The first thing to address is that you have the correct tools to trim and clip your hedge. Even before you establish whether your hedge is formal or informal, evergreen or deciduous, large or small, the correct tools for the job are essential.

Make sure any electric or petrol-powered tools are in good working order and have been serviced. The tools below are useful when cutting hedges.

Electric Hedge Trimmers / Cutters

For most hedges, an electric trimmer is going to be preferable if you’re poor on time or technique. You have a variety of options when it comes to powered hedge clippers, whether they be petrol-powered or electric. For most residential gardeners, an electric set of trimmers are the best option. Leave the diesel fumes and industrial hedge trimmers to the professionals who cut hedges day in and day out.

Ryobi hedge clippers on a wall

I always opt for a cordless set of hedge trimmers, like my Ryobi set, as you don’t have to worry about cutting through the cord or getting tangled. Battery-powered cordless hedge trimmers are my preferred tool for beginners. They are easy to use and move with. If you want the full rundown of every model I’ve tested and rate, I’ve put together a dedicated best cordless hedge trimmers guide that’s worth a read before you buy.

You can focus your efforts on trimming your hedges effectively instead. Depending on the size of your hedge, I have multiple batteries charged so I can swap them out and carry on cutting. Waiting 80 minutes between charges can turn a couple of hours of hedge clipping into a full-day affair.

Handheld Topiary Shears

I must admit there’s something really satisfying about clipping hedges with handheld quality shears. The noise, cleanness of the cut and general action really satisfy my inner gardening zen. However, these will take longer to use, and I wouldn’t start with hand shears if you’re new to hedge clipping.

Garden hedge shears

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It’s a definite skill and should be kept for either very large leaved evergreen shrubs, as it prevents crispy dried snagged leaves which clippers can cause, topiary or experienced gardeners. That’s not to say you shouldn’t give them a go, but it may be pretty frustrating for a new gardener as there is a knack to them.

The benefit of handheld topiary shears is the finish. They’re razor sharp if well maintained and give a cut like no other for a tightly clipped box or topiary. They also make a lovely swoosh noise too and can become quite relaxing to use when skilled.

Clean neat pruning cuts on a hedge

Pruning Saw for the Thicker Stems

Neither shears nor a hedge trimmer are designed to cut proper woody stems, and forcing either through one will blunt the blades and leave a torn, ragged cut that heals slowly. Once a stem is thicker than loppers can comfortably manage, a pruning saw with a curved blade is the tool to reach for. Use long, slow strokes and let the saw do the work rather than forcing it, and it will get through even the thickest overgrown stems cleanly. It sits between loppers and a chainsaw in my kit, and for the average overgrown domestic hedge it is usually all you need without going anywhere near power tools.

The shape of your hedge is fundamental

The shape of your hedge is critical to the health of your hedgerow. Whilst you may see a perfectly clipped square topiary hedge in formal gardens, in reality, most gardens don’t have the open space to accommodate such a clean square finish with the necessary sunlight levels for a healthy hedge of this kind.

You need to camber your hedge shape, so it’s slightly narrower at the top than at the bottom, especially on larger hedges. The RHS calls this a batter, and some gardeners prefer a chamfer instead, where the top section of a vertical side is cut at a 45 degree angle to meet the horizontal top. Either works, the important thing is that the base stays wider than the top.

How to trim a hedge camber

If you don’t give your hedge a batter then the bottom of the hedge will end up receiving less light and then struggle. You will end up with lots of lush growth on top of your hedge and a weak hedge at the bottom. It also has a secondary benefit that a square topped hedge will potentially suffer far more from snowfall than one with a camber or batter.

If snow sits and builds upon the top of your hedge, the chances are the weight will crush and break off the edges of branches.

A batter or camber helps the snow slide off quickly before it builds up.

How to trim a hedge batter

Clipping Evergreen or Deciduous Hedges

With hedges, you’re either going to be clipping an evergreen variety, such as Box, Privet or Cherry Laurel, that keeps its colour all year round, or a deciduous hedge, such as Hawthorn or Beech, that loses its leaves in the winter. Understanding which type of hedge you have is key to knowing when to cut them.

How to cut a hedge

Clipping or trimming a hedge with electric or petrol powered trimmers is relatively straightforward. The first cut may be the deepest, as they say, but once you start, you’ll be trimming with ease in no time. Cutting your hedges regularly helps encourage bushy, dense growth, ideal for a garden boundary.

Thick, lush hedges offer privacy in your garden and can also help deter unwanted visitors, if you catch my drift.

You can either prune your hedges with:

This depends on the type of hedge and finishes you want. Let’s take a look at both hedge cutting methods.

How to trim a hedge with electric clippers

Step 1: First make sure you’re wearing all the necessary safety equipment

When cutting hedges with electric equipment, always make sure you have gloves, goggles and protective footwear. You’ll also want to ensure your tools are clean, fully charged if battery powered and in good working order. If you’re using a corded electric trimmer rather than a cordless one, always plug it into a residual current device, an RCD, which cuts the power instantly if the cable is accidentally sliced through. It’s a cheap plug-in adapter and honestly one of the most important bits of safety kit you can own for this job.

A pair of clip gloves in a hand

Step 2: How much to cut off hedges

Most hedges benefit from a light trim to keep them neat twice or three times a year.

When cutting any hedge, aim to trim off between 1 and 4 inches of fresh green growth for regularly maintained hedges.

If your hedge needs more than this taken off, consider a hard prune using loppers to remove thick woody growth. You can read more on that here.

Step 3: For formal hedges, use a line of string for a straight edge

Using canes and a line of string tied horizontally between them can help create a neat, clean top for your hedge. This is particularly useful for very long or formal hedges.

A string line used for cutting a hedge straight

Step 4: Start by working from the bottom of your hedge upwards

Start cutting your hedge with a wand-like action from bottom to top. The reason for this is you will get a better cut due to more visible control, and it’s far safer than a top-to-bottom approach, which could lead to injury if you slip. Use a sweeping action from bottom to top. Do the sides first, then move on to the top last, since the top is where a wobbly, uneven line shows up most obviously from a distance.

Garden Ninja showing how to trim a hedge

Top Tip: Always cut from the bottom to the top
Garden Ninja trimming a hedge in a wand action

Take your time, as it’s better to take off smaller sections of a hedge than go too deep and end up snagging your way through thicker internal branches.

Step 5: Keep your hedge clippers level

Keep your hedge trimmers horizontal rather than pointing into the hedge for an even cut. Hedge clippers are only meant for softer leafy growth, not woody material. If you need to fully renovate a thick woody hedge see my guide below.

If you find your hedge clippers snagging as you cut, they either need sharpening or the material you are trying to cut is too thick for them. If it is too thick, use loppers to cut back the woodier material first.

Step 6: Stand back to check your levels

It’s a good idea to keep standing back to check your levels. After all, you can always cut more off but can’t put it back.

Step 7: Recycle your hedge clippings

Nearly all clippings can be recycled on your compost heap. To speed up the breakdown of evergreen clippings use a garden shredder to cut them into smaller pieces. Be careful with sharp or thorny hedges like Berberis or Hawthorn, as these thorns can make your compost incredibly uncomfortable to handle.

Compost bins made from pallets at Garden Ninja HQ

Step 8: Mulch your hedge after each trim

Mulching is a good idea, especially for young or new hedges. It’s a way of helping keep moisture in and adding a slow release feed after cutting. A good peat free organic compost or leaf mould mulch at the hedge’s base can help establish new hedges. I also feed the base of a hedge with compost or a slow release fertiliser before a big trim at the start of the growing season, not just after, since a well fed hedge recovers and bushes out faster once you have taken growth off it.

wheelbarrow full of leaf mould for winter mulching

How to cut a hedge with hand shears

It is really the same action with hand shears as it is for electric hedge trimmers, although there is more skill involved with hand shears. This is because you’re not just moving them in a wand fashion but also opening and closing the shears to allow them to cut.

Step 1: Ensure your hand shears are sharp

You’ll also need to clean and sharpen hand shears a lot more frequently to give them the sharp edge they require. The end result is well worth it when your hedges are crisp and clean though. The cleaner cuts heal quicker and will stop hedges from going brown and crispy after a trim like you sometimes see with the rougher hedge trimmer cuts.

Step 2: Cut the hedge slow and steady

My advice with hand shears is to take a little and often off the hedges when trimming them until you are comfortable. Hold the shears vertically when clipping and trimming the side of a hedge. Again trim from the bottom to the top.

Cutting a hedge with hand shears

Use the same motion with hand shears to trim a hedge. I rotate them when cutting the top part.

Step 3: Clean and disinfect your shears between hedges

When cutting Box or other formal hedges cleaning your shears in between hedges is vital. This is because of plant health and pests like Box Blight or fungal infections. Hand shears are easy to clean by dipping in a bucket with a mix of 1 part bleach to 10 parts water.

Step 4: Rotate the shears when cutting the top

Rotating the shears to be horizontal will help you cut the top of a hedge. It’s far easier than the awkward lean if you hold them horizontally.

Step 5: Recycle your clippings and mulch the hedge

Like the electric method, make sure you compost your clippings and mulch any newly planted hedges.

This is a question I get asked constantly by clients, and it’s worth taking seriously, since there are genuine legal considerations wrapped up in something that feels like an entirely routine bit of garden maintenance.

Nesting Birds: The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, it’s a criminal offence to intentionally damage or destroy the nest of any wild bird while it’s in use or being built. This is the law behind the advice you’ll see everywhere about not cutting hedges between March and August, the UK’s main bird nesting season. It isn’t a blanket ban on domestic hedge cutting during this window, but it does mean you have a legal duty to check thoroughly for active nests before you start. Fines for disturbing a nest can run into the thousands of pounds, so this isn’t advice worth skipping.

Birds nesting in a hedge

My own approach, which I’ve used for years on client gardens and my own hedges, is to gently pull back sections of the hedge before clipping to look and listen for nests, rather than assuming it’s clear just because you can’t see one from the outside.

Boundary Hedges and the Anti Social Behaviour Act 2003

If your hedge sits on a boundary between two properties, there’s a separate piece of legislation to be aware of. Under Part 8 of the Anti Social Behaviour Act 2003, a neighbour who feels a hedge is blocking light or access can complain to the local council, who have the power to order the hedge reduced, generally to around two metres, if they agree it’s unreasonable. This applies specifically to evergreen or semi evergreen boundary hedges, most commonly Leylandii disputes, and it’s a route of last resort after direct discussion with a neighbour has failed. I’ve mediated more than one client’s hedge dispute over the years, and in every case, sorting it out before a formal complaint reaches the council saves everyone a huge amount of stress.

Countryside and Agricultural Hedgerows

If you have a larger rural garden bordering agricultural land, be aware that hedgerow management rules under Defra prohibit cutting or trimming hedgerows on or next to agricultural land between 1 March and 31 August, with only limited exemptions. This is separate from the Wildlife and Countryside Act and specifically protects hedgerows as wildlife corridors, so it’s worth checking if your boundary hedge could fall under this if your garden backs onto farmland.

The safest and simplest approach for most domestic gardeners is the one I already recommend below, cut in early spring before nesting really gets going, and again in late summer once fledglings have left, checking carefully both times.

When is the best time to cut hedges?

The best time to trim or cut your hedges depends on whether they are evergreen or deciduous, the speed at which they grow and the neatness you want from them. I cut my evergreen and deciduous hedges twice a year, early spring and later summer.

Evergreen hedges keep their leaves all year round.

Deciduous hedges drop or partially drop their leaves in the winter.

Garden Ninja demonstrating how to trim a hedge

Some larger-leaved evergreen I tend to only cut once in mid-August, especially if they are younger hedges. If you cut twice a year, you’re guaranteed to have a nice neat hedgerow in your garden.

March or August is the best time to cut your garden hedges in the UK

As a general rule of thumb, you need to make sure you’re not cutting hedges when birds may be nesting in them. In the UK, this can be any time between February and August, which may sound highly inconvenient for the time-poor gardener.

What I would say is that this time frame depends on where you live, the frequency of birds, and whether your area is hedgerow dense; in other words, there’s more chance for birds to nest elsewhere. They usually avoid noisy residential areas if there’s a quieter hedgerow nearby.

Hedge archways at Garden Ninja
Cut hedges before or after birds have nested, usually in March and then August in the UK

I always pull back parts of the hedge before I clip, usually in early March and then in August, to check for nests. I also know roughly every year where, for example, the blackbird’s nest and other species so I time my trimmings around that. If I find one that’s being used as a bird’s nest, I leave that hedge section.

You really don’t want to be clipping in April or May when birds are likely to be nesting there. Sometimes you may have no choice, especially if removing a hedge for landscaping, but it’s best to check and try and be as considerate to our flying friends as possible. Bird boxes and other nesting options can help birds choose different locations.

Timing by Hedge Species

Not every hedge grows at the same rate, and matching your cutting frequency to the species saves you effort and gives a better result. Here’s how I schedule the hedges I look after.

🌿 Hedge Cutting Schedule by Species
Hedge Type Growth Rate Cuts Per Year Best Timing
Leylandii, Privet, Cherry LaurelFast2 to 3Late spring, midsummer, early autumn
Beech, HornbeamMedium1 to 2Late summer, August is ideal
BoxSlow to medium2Late spring and again in early autumn to manage box blight risk
YewSlow1Late August or September
Holly, HawthornSlow1Late summer, after any flowering has finished

Box is worth flagging specifically here, since good airflow around the plant in the damper months really helps guard against box blight, so I always time that second cut to open the plant back up before autumn sets in. If box blight has already taken hold on your hedge, my dedicated box hedge pruning guide covers the timing and technique for managing it in far more depth than I can here.

How many times a year should I cut my hedge?

This depends on the type of hedge you have, whether it’s super formal, informal, slow or fast growing, and if it falls into that fast growing category I would point you towards my fast growing hedges guide for the full detail on which plants fall into that category and how to keep them under control.

As a minimum, I would cut all hedges at least twice a year.

For more formal hedges, this may be up to 5 or 6 times a year.

A green hedge with a red door though the middle

Why Trimming Actually Makes a Hedge Thicker

I get asked this a lot, usually by a client stood next to a hedge they are nervous about cutting back hard: why does trimming a hedge make it bushier rather than just smaller? The answer sits in a bit of plant biology I think is worth understanding properly, rather than just following the rule blindly, because it explains almost every piece of timing and technique advice in this guide.

Every leading shoot at the top of a hedge produces a hormone called auxin, and auxin’s job is to suppress the buds lower down the stem from growing. This is called apical dominance, and its whole purpose in nature is to help a plant grow tall and reach light before its neighbours, at the expense of bushing out sideways. The moment you cut off that leading shoot, you remove the source of the auxin, and the suppressed lateral buds below the cut are freed up to start growing. That is the entire mechanism behind a thicker hedge: you are not making the plant grow more, you are redirecting where it grows.

This is also why timing matters as much as technique. Cut too early in spring and you stimulate a flush of soft new growth that a late frost will happily blacken and kill. Cut too late in autumn and the plant wastes energy pushing out shoots that have no time to harden before winter arrives, leaving them vulnerable to cold damage. Every one of the timing windows I have given you through this guide is really just working around that biology, giving each species enough of the growing season to redirect its energy into new lateral growth and harden it off before the weather turns against it.

💡 Top Tip

Always check the five day forecast before a late season trim. If frost is forecast shortly after you cut, it can blacken the fresh wounds and the soft new growth the cut has just triggered, leaving unsightly brown patches that take a full season to grow out. A dry day with no frost in the immediate forecast is worth waiting for.

Trimming for Wildlife as Well as Tidiness

A hedge does more work in a garden than most people give it credit for. Beyond the privacy and structure, a well established boundary hedge properly helps capture airborne pollution and dampen traffic noise, which matters more than you might think if your garden backs onto a road. That filtering effect comes from density and leaf surface area, which is another reason I would always rather see a hedge trimmed properly than left to get leggy and thin at the base.

If wildlife matters to you as much as tidiness, and it does to a lot of my clients, a mixed native hedge of hawthorn, hazel or blackthorn can be trimmed less frequently and on a rotational basis, cutting different sections of a longer run in alternate years rather than the whole thing every season. This lets some sections flower and berry properly each year, which matters enormously for pollinators in spring and birds in winter, while still keeping the overall hedge from getting completely out of hand. It is a compromise I use often on rural boundary hedges where the wildlife value is as important to the client as the screening.

Cleaning up Hedge Trimmings

There’s a lot of advice online and in textbooks that using a tarpaulin is necessary to catch hedge clippings. Now, this is subjective, but in all my experience, I never use a tarp. I opt for a brush and dustpan or a lawnmower to collect my trimmings. The only situation where a tarpaulin would be useful is clipping a formal parterre or knot garden into gravel.

In this case, a mat or tarp can be a real time saver when it comes to collecting your trimmings. Otherwise, I find a tarp more fuss than it’s worth, to be honest.

Garden Ninja in a topiary maze looking at Plant specimens
This style of hedging will require hours of maintenance and cleanup.

Composting hedge clippings

Except for Hawthorn and Pyracanthus hedges which have vicious sharp thorns, nearly all other hedgerow material can be composted. I don’t compost the thorny stuff as I quite like not having my hands spiked when I’m moving compost.

If you’re composting evergreen leaves or larger hedge leaves then I’d recommend mowing over them on the lawn to help cut them up further. Then add them to your compost bin where they will break down considerably faster.

Another point to note is the mix of brown, carbon material to green, nitrogen material in your compost bin. Hedge clippings are surprisingly high in brown carbon materials, so I always add some grass clippings to even out the balance and speed up breakdown.

Renovating an old out-of-shape hedge

You may have moved house and found yourself with a very old or out-of-control hedge. The immediate thought was that maybe let’s get rid of it and start again. However, you can renovate an old hedge relatively quickly with some patience. It is also a lot cheaper and requires much less effort than removing hedging and starting again.

It may sound brutal, but for most deciduous hedges you need to cut the hedge down to around 2ft to kick-start new growth at the base and the new top of the hedge. This is by far the best way to revive an old deciduous hedge.

Using a chainsaw, cut through the existing hedge in sections until you’re at the 2ft mark. Then it is simply a case of waiting to see the new growth emerging and trimming twice a year as if it’s a new hedge altogether.

A garden hedge being renovated by Garden Ninja

You can see the new growth after three weeks here on this renovated Privet and Hawthorn hedge. Trust me when I say I’ve done this on some really awful hedges, and they have all come back with a bit of patience and TLC.

The Golden Rule: Never Hard Prune Conifers Into Bare Wood

This is honestly the single most important warning I can give you in this entire guide, and it’s one I see get gardeners into trouble constantly. The hard renovation approach above works brilliantly for deciduous hedges like Privet, Hawthorn and Beech, because they regenerate readily from old, bare wood. Conifers, and Leylandii above all, simply don’t. If you cut a conifer hedge back beyond its green growth into the brown, woody interior, that section will not resprout. Ever. You’re left with a permanent bare, brown patch that no amount of feeding, patience or hope will fix.

Rough pruning cuts

I was called out to a client’s garden a few years back where a well-meaning relative had taken a chainsaw to an overgrown Leylandii boundary hedge over a weekend, using exactly the renovation approach I’ve described above for deciduous hedges. The result was a 15-metre run of brown, dead-looking hedge with nothing but bare wood where the green growth used to be. There was honestly nothing to be done except take the whole thing out and start again, which cost considerably more than a few years of proper twice-yearly maintenance would ever have done.

Yew is the one significant exception to this rule. Unlike other conifers, yew will resprout from old wood even when cut back hard, which is exactly why it’s the classic choice for renovating overgrown formal hedging and topiary. If you’re not entirely certain what species your conifer hedge is, always keep any hard cuts within the green growth and never expose bare brown wood, just to be safe.

Looking after your hedge cutting tools

It goes without saying that looking after your tools and keeping them sharp is essential. It’s really a false time saving to just put your tools back once you’re done. If I can give you one top tip, it is to oil them both before and after you use them, at the very least.

Oiling your garden tools will prevent rust and keep them lubricated and in good working order. I use Japanese Camellia oil, you hardly need any.

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Hand shears will need sharpening after each use to keep them razor sharp, and if you also reach for secateurs on the thicker growth this job throws up, my secateurs buying guide covers which pairs are worth the money. Electric trimmers don’t need as much sharpening, but a good clean and oil will help keep them functioning for many years.

Hedge Pests, Diseases & Illnesses

Once established, hedges are generally low-maintenance parts of garden design. Most hedges stay healthy with very little intervention from gardeners. However, there are always a few exceptions to the rule. So, if your hedge suddenly drops leaves, turns brown or yellow, or even starts to wilt, it may be one of the pests, diseases, or illnesses below.

Here’s a more detailed overview of common diseases and pests affecting hedges, along with their treatments.

Boxwood Blight (Cylindrocladium buxicola)

Box blight and how to fix it
  • Symptoms: Dark brown leaf spots, stem cankers, defoliation, dieback.
  • Treatment: Prune infected branches, improve air circulation, apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil or azoxystrobin. My box hedge pruning guide goes into the full renovation and prevention approach in far more detail.

Box Tree Caterpillar (Cydalima perspectalis)

Box tree caterpillar on box hedging
  • Symptoms: Webbing throughout the foliage, green droppings, rapid stripping of leaves down to bare stems.
  • Treatment: Check box hedges regularly from spring onwards, remove caterpillars by hand where possible, use a pheromone trap to monitor moth activity, and apply a biological Bacillus thuringiensis spray at the first sign of caterpillars.

Aphids

Aphids clustered on new growth
  • Symptoms: Distorted growth, honeydew secretion, sooty mould.
  • Treatment: Spray affected foliage with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil. Introduce natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings.

Spider Mites

Spider mites on hedge foliage

Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew on hedge leaves
  • Symptoms: White powdery patches on leaves, leaf distortion.
  • Treatment: Remove infected plant parts, improve air circulation, apply fungicides containing potassium bicarbonate or sulphur.

Scale Insects

Scale insects on a stem
  • Symptoms: Sticky honeydew, sooty mould, yellowing leaves.
  • Treatment: Prune heavily infested branches, scrub scale insects with a soft brush dipped in soapy water, apply horticultural oil or insecticidal soap.

Leaf Spot

Leaf spot disease on hedge foliage
  • Symptoms: Dark spots or lesions on leaves, premature leaf drop.
  • Treatment: Remove and destroy infected leaves, improve air circulation, and apply fungicides labelled for leaf spot control containing copper or mancozeb.

Caterpillars

Caterpillar pest damage on garden foliage
  • Symptoms: Chewed leaves, defoliation.
  • Treatment: Handpick caterpillars and destroy them, apply biological control agents like Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and prune heavily infested branches.

Wind Burn

  • Symptoms: Wilting, yellowing leaves, burnt looking leaves, leaf drop.
  • Treatment: Provide more shelter for your hedges or mulch heavily each spring if freak frost weather has caused the wind burn. My guide to hedges for windy and exposed sites is worth a read if wind burn is a recurring problem rather than a one off.

Leafminers

Leaf miner tunnels on foliage
  • Symptoms: Winding tunnels or trails on leaves.
  • Treatment: Prune affected foliage, apply insecticides like spinosad or abamectin, and introduce natural predators like parasitic wasps.

Rust

Rust disease pustules on a leaf
  • Symptoms: Orange or yellow pustules on leaves, leaf discolouration.
  • Treatment: Remove and destroy infected leaves, improve air circulation, and apply fungicides containing myclobutanil or tebuconazole.

🌱 The New Garden Starter Kit

Is the hedge the only thing that’s got away from you?

If you’re here replacing a hedge trimmer, there’s a fair chance the rest of the garden could do with a proper look too, not just the hedge. I built the New Garden Starter Kit for exactly that situation, whether you’ve inherited a garden from the last owners or just never quite got round to it. It walks you through what’s actually worth keeping, what to prioritise first, and gives you a proper seasonal plan so you’re working with the garden rather than guessing at it.

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FAQ on Cutting Hedges

Can I be fined for cutting a hedge with a nest in it?

Yes. Under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, intentionally damaging or destroying an active bird’s nest is a criminal offence, whatever time of year it happens. Always check a hedge thoroughly before cutting between March and August, when most UK birds are nesting.

How tall can my hedge legally be?

There’s no automatic legal height limit for a hedge on your own property. However, if a boundary hedge is blocking a neighbour’s light and informal discussion doesn’t resolve it, they can complain to the local council under the Anti Social Behaviour Act 2003, which can order it reduced, typically to around two metres.

Can I hard prune a Leylandii hedge back into old wood?

No. Leylandii and most other conifers will not resprout from bare, brown wood, so cutting back beyond the green growth leaves a permanent dead patch. Keep any renovation work within the green growth only. Yew is the main exception and will happily regenerate from a hard prune.

How often should I cut my hedge?

Most hedges need cutting at least twice a year, in spring and late summer. Fast growing species like Leylandii and Privet may need three cuts, while slow growers like Yew and Holly are often fine with just one late summer trim.

Should I use electric hedge trimmers or hand shears?

Electric or cordless trimmers are faster and easier for beginners and for large or fast growing hedges. Hand shears give a cleaner, more precise finish and are better suited to large leaved evergreens like Cherry Laurel, where trimmer blades can cause unsightly torn leaves.

Can hedge clippings be composted?

Yes, almost all hedge clippings can go on the compost heap, though thorny material like Hawthorn is worth leaving out. Shredding or mowing over leafier evergreen clippings first speeds up how quickly they break down, and adding some grass clippings balances the high carbon content of woody trimmings.

Why does cutting a hedge make it grow thicker rather than smaller?

Removing the leading shoot of a stem removes the source of a hormone called auxin, which otherwise suppresses the lower buds on that stem. With the auxin gone, those lower buds are free to grow, which is why a hedge bushes out from below every cut rather than simply getting shorter.

Further Reading on Hedges and Hedging Tools

More Hedge Guides

Lee Burkhill, Garden Ninja

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By enrolling, you’ll not only master composting but also discover how to transform your entire garden into a sustainable sanctuary that reflects your personality. With Lee’s expertise in sustainable gardening, you’ll learn how to maximise the benefits of compost, enriching your soil naturally.

Hedge Cutting Summary

Hedge trimming really doesn’t need to be a huge effort if you keep on top of your trimming and plan in advance. With the right tools, the right timing and a proper understanding of why a hedge responds the way it does, hedge cutting can be a properly satisfying job rather than a dreaded one, especially if there are cold beers and a barbecue waiting at the end of it. So why not turn it into a proper event and be the envy of your neighbours with your fuss-free hedging?

If you’re thinking of planting a hedge, I’d highly recommend watching my popular YouTube garden guide below, which will show you the basics of creating the perfect hedge.

Regular hedge cutting is essential for maintaining the health, shape, and appearance of hedges. Trimming hedges encourages dense growth, promotes flowering in some hedges, and prevents them from becoming overgrown and unsightly. Additionally, cutting hedges helps to maintain their desired height and width, ensuring they do not encroach on pathways or neighbouring properties.

Pruning also stimulates new growth, resulting in a denser and more vibrant hedge overall. Moreover, regular trimming reduces the risk of disease and pest infestations by improving air circulation and sunlight penetration throughout the hedge.

Why not check out the other guides and vlogs on my YouTube channel? You can also check out my TweetFacebook or Instagram for more garden guides and tips.

Happy hedge cutting, Ninjas.

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Lee Burkhill - Garden Ninja

Lee Burkhill

Lee Burkhill, known as the Garden Ninja, is an award-winning garden designer and horticulturist with over 30 years of gardening experience and 15 years as a professional garden designer. A qualified RHS (Royal Horticultural Society) professional, Lee specialises in sustainable garden design and practical horticultural advice. He designs and presents on BBC1’s Garden Rescue and in leading gardening publications. Lee combines three decades of hands-on gardening knowledge with professional design qualifications to help gardeners create beautiful, functional outdoor spaces.

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4 thoughts on “How to cut, prune & trim hedges: the ultimate beginner guide

  1. Caroline says:

    Hi Lee, thank you very much for your useful posts! We have just planted a hedge, it’s about 1.20m high, and we’re wondering if we needed to prune it straight away (November) for formative pruning so it becomes nice and thick, of if it’s best to wait for Spring and let us settle. We are following your advice and watering it regularly, even now. Thanks!

  2. Hi Caroline, Congrats on planting a hedge and doing your bit for wildlife! I’d wait until early spring and then take off 30cm from that hedge to help it bush. All the best and happy gardening! Lee

  3. Caroline says:

    Thank you very much!

  4. Jooles says:

    Excellent guide on all things hedgey, Lee!

    One hedge maintenance tip I would like to add to your guide – and it’s probably the detail I see most neglected by domestic gardeners and professionals alike – is: take care of the base of the hedge: remove weeds, ivy, and especially rogue seedlings and saplings. I so often see hedges trimmed really well, with a good shape and nice lines, but there are loads of rogue saplings growing up through the hedge, or ivy running riot along the lower stems, eventually taking up the space of the hedge plants and leaving a gappy, messy finish.

    For me, an essential part of “hedge trimming” is not actually trimming at all, but getting down to the base of the hedge and digging out any saplings and weeding out any weeds. The less competition the hedges roots have, the healthier the hedge will be!

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